Homework and Vocabulary November 4-8

DUE TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 5

-Read “The Ruling that Changed America” p.408

-Answer ALL Questions for Close Reading, p.413

-Questions about the Writer’s Craft #2,4, p.413

DUE WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 6

-Read “When Will People Help in a Crisis? p.415

-Answer Questions for Close Reading #1-4, p. 419-420

-Answer ALL Questions About the Writer’s Craft, p.420

DUE THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 7

-Read “Nature in the Suburbs” p.422

-Answer ALL Questions for Close Reading, p.427

-Answer Questions about the Writer’s Craft #1,2,4

DUE FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 8

-Essay: Cause-Effect p.429- handwritten double spaced

-Vocabulary Quiz

Vocabulary LIST for Quiz on NOVEMBER 8

PARONOMASIA: wordplay based upon similar rather than identical sounds. Example: A gossip is someone with a great sense of rumor. (Rumor instead of humor).

Anadiplosis repeats the last word of one phrase, clause, or sentence at or very near the beginning of the next. it can be generated in series for the sake of beauty or to give a sense of logical progression. Example: Pleasure might cause her read, reading might make her know,/Knowledge might pity win, and pity grace obtain . . . . --Philip Sidney

Epanalepsis repeats the beginning word of a clause or sentence at the end. The beginning and the end are the two positions of strongest emphasis in a sentence, so by having the same word in both places, you call special attention to it. Example:Water alone dug this giant canyon; yes, just plain water.

Procatalepsis, by anticipating an objection and answering it, permits an argument to continue moving forward while taking into account points or reasons opposing either the train of thought or its final conclusions. Often the objections are standard ones. Example: It is usually argued at this point that if the government gets out of the mail delivery business, small towns like Podunk will not have any mail service. The answer to this can be found in the history of the Pony Express . . . .

Distinctio is an explicit reference to a particular meaning or to the various meanings of a word, in order to remove or prevent ambiguity. Example: To make methanol for twenty-five cents a gallon is impossible; by "impossible" I mean currently beyond our technological capabilities.

Amplification involves repeating a word or expression while adding more detail to it, in order to emphasize what might otherwise be passed over. In other words, amplification allows you to call attention to, emphasize, and expand a word or idea to make sure the reader realizes its importance or centrality in the discussion. Example: This orchard, this lovely, shady orchard, is the main reason I bought this property.

Aporia expresses doubt about an idea or conclusion. Among its several uses are the suggesting of alternatives without making a commitment to either or any. Example: I am not sure whether to side with those who say that higher taxes reduce inflation or with those who say that higher taxes increase inflation.

Eponym substitutes for a particular attribute the name of a famous person recognized for that attribute. By their nature eponyms often border on the cliche, but many times they can be useful without seeming too obviously trite. Finding new or infrequently used ones is best, though hard, because the name-and-attribute relationship needs to be well established. Example: Is he smart? Why, the man is an Einstein. Has he suffered? This poor Job can tell you himself.

Analogy compares two things, which are alike in several respects, for the purpose of explaining or clarifying some unfamiliar or difficult idea or object by showing how the idea or object is similar to some familiar one. While simile and analogy often overlap, the simile is generally a more artistic likening, done briefly for effect and emphasis, while analogy serves the more practical end of explaining a thought process or a line of reasoning or the abstract in terms of the concrete, and may therefore be more extended. Example: The beginning of all evil temptations is inconstancy of mind, and too little trust in God. For as a ship without a guide is driven hither and thither with every storm, so an unstable man, that anon leaveth his good purpose in God, is diversely tempted. The fire proveth gold, and temptation proveth the righteous man. --Thomas a Kempis

Antimetabole: reversing the order of repeated words or phrases (a loosely chiastic structure, AB-BA) to intensify the final formulation, to present alternatives, or to show contrast. Example: Ask not what you can do for rhetoric, but what rhetoric can do for you.